Cannabis, also known as marijuana, weed, or dagga, has gained widespread acceptance in recent years, with legalisation or decriminalisation in many parts of the world. While research has shown potential benefits for certain medical conditions, such as chronic pain, there are significant risks associated with its use. Emerging evidence increasingly highlights the addictive potential of cannabis and its devastating impact on an individual’s mental and physical well-being as well as their functioning in the workplace.

Dr. Thea van der Merwe, a psychiatrist at Changes Rehab, a drug and alcohol rehabilitation centre in Johannesburg, emphasises that the misconception that cannabis is non-addictive can have serious consequences.

“This misconception can lead to a significant underestimation of the potential for developing a serious cannabis use disorder,” she explains. “Even readily available products containing low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), such as CBD drops and gummies, can have adverse effects. This is particularly concerning for individuals with a predisposition to mental health conditions like psychosis, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.”

Dr. Van der Merwe adds that apart from the risk of triggering psychosis in predisposed individuals, other mental and physical health risks associated with long-term cannabis use and addiction include:

A-motivational Syndrome: This condition is characterised by apathy, a profound lack of motivation, and cognitive decline. As Dr. Van der Merwe describes, individuals may experience social withdrawal, becoming isolated in their rooms with little to no engagement in activities due to a complete loss of motivation. This debilitating condition can persist for up to a year even after an individual has stopped using cannabis, she adds.

Anxiety and Depression: Cannabis use can exacerbate these mental health issues.

Cognitive Decline: Prolonged cannabis use, regardless of when it begins, can have detrimental effects on cognitive function. This includes a decline in IQ1, difficulties with executive functions (planning, decision-making, and problem-solving), impaired memory, and slower processing speed. Early onset cannabis use carries heightened risks, as it interferes with brain development, impacting concentration, learning, and the ability to retain new information. Furthermore, it can increase the risk of psychosis and schizophrenia, conditions that often require lifelong treatment. Importantly, these adverse effects are not solely confined to young users. Even individuals who begin using cannabis later in life remain susceptible to these cognitive and mental health risks.

Increased risk for peripheral artery disease: This can cause conditions such as heart attack and stroke: Cannabis use can double the risk of heart attack.

Cancer risk: While less prominent than mental health risks, there is an increased risk of cancer, particularly in older users.

Impact in the workplace: Cannabis use can impair work performance, leading to demotivation, cognitive changes, absenteeism, and increased workplace accidents.

Many people think that using cannabis can help them to be more creative and productive, but this, says Dr. Van der Merwe, is a myth.

“Studies have not demonstrated any increase in creativity while under the influence of cannabis. While individuals may feel more creative and productive during cannabis use, subsequent evaluation often reveals that the initial perception of increased creativity is inaccurate. In fact, studies suggest that individuals may be twice as creative when not under the influence of cannabis.”

Several factors contribute to the difficulty in recognising and seeking help for cannabis addiction. Firstly, many users, especially those consuming low-THC products, may not perceive their cannabis use as problematic. Secondly, individuals experiencing psychosis or other mental health issues related to cannabis use often lack insight into their condition, leading to resistance towards treatment.

Recognising the signs of cannabis addiction is crucial for individuals to seek help themselves, or for family members and employers to encourage them to do so. These signs include:

Loss of Control: This includes using more cannabis than originally intended, using it for longer periods than planned, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, irritability, and aggression upon cessation or reduction of use.

Social impairment: Neglecting important responsibilities, such as work, school, or social activities, due to cannabis use.

Tolerance: Needing to use increasing amounts of cannabis to achieve the same effects.

Continued use despite negative consequences: Continuing to use cannabis despite experiencing problems in relationships, work, or health.

Cannabis use can significantly impact an individual’s productivity in the workplace including:

Cognitive impairment: Cannabis can impair cognitive functions such as memory, concentration, and decision-making. This can lead to difficulty completing tasks, decreased productivity at work, and an increased risk of errors.

Absenteeism: Frequent cannabis use can increase the likelihood of absenteeism due to illness, fatigue, or simply a lack of motivation.

Accidents and injuries: Impaired judgment and coordination can increase the risk of accidents and injuries in the workplace, particularly in safety-sensitive positions.

Interpersonal conflicts: Cannabis use can strain relationships with colleagues and supervisors, leading to conflicts and a negative work environment.

Addressing cannabis use and addiction in the workplace 

Employers can play a crucial role in addressing the issue of cannabis use and addiction in the workplace. This can include:

Implementing drug-free workplace policies: Clear and consistent policies regarding drug use in the workplace can help deter employees from using drugs and provide a framework for addressing substance abuse issues.

Providing employee assistance programmes (EAPs): EAPs offer confidential counselling and support services to employees struggling with substance abuse issues.

Promoting a healthy work-life balance: Reducing workplace stress and promoting a healthy work-life balance can help employees cope with challenges and reduce their reliance on substances.

Raising awareness: Educating employees about the dangers of cannabis addiction and the resources available to them is important.

Conclusion
Despite the increasing acceptance of cannabis in many societies, it can have a significant and potentially devastating impact on an individual’s life, including their career. Recognising the signs of cannabis addiction, seeking appropriate treatment, and increasing public awareness about the risks are essential steps towards mitigating the harmful effects.

If you need assistance don’t hesitate to reach out to LifeAssist to get access to an expert.