Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS) also known as repetitive strain injury (RSI) and repetitive motion disorder (RMD), is a collective term covering a range of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work or daily activities.

The syndrome is caused by too many uninterrupted repetitions of an activity or motion, unnatural or awkward motions such as twisting the arm or wrist, overexertion, incorrect posture, or muscle fatigue.

OOS occurs most commonly in the hands, wrists, elbows and shoulders, but can also happen in the neck, back, hips, knees, feet, legs and ankles.

Generally, repetitive motion disorders affect individuals who perform repetitive tasks such as assembly line work, food packing, sewing, playing musical instruments and computer work. The disorder may also affect individuals who engage in activities such as carpentry, gardening and tennis.

Symptoms

OOS is characterised by pain, tingling, numbness, visible swelling or redness of the affected area and the loss of flexibility and strength. For some individuals, there may be no visible sign of injury, although they may find it hard to perform easy tasks over time. OOS can cause temporary or permanent damage to the soft tissues in the body, such as the muscles, nerves, tendons and ligaments and compression of nerves or tissue.

Symptoms tend to develop gradually and worsen over time if left untreated. Early symptoms of OOS include:

    • Muscle discomfort
    • Aches and pains
    • Hot or cold feelings
    • Muscles tightness and spasms
    • Numbness and tingling.

Treatment

Diagnosis of OOS is often difficult. It is important for the doctor to take a full medical history and conduct a physical examination. Other causes for the symptoms need to be ruled out.

Once a diagnosis of OOS has been made and the specific OOS condition has been identified, appropriate treatment will be recommended. This may involve referral to an occupational or musculoskeletal specialist and may involve input from healthcare professionals such as occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Treatment may include:

    • Rest from activities
    • Changing work practices
    • Postural correction
    • Physiotherapy
    • Pain relieving and anti-inflammatory medications
    • Exercise and stretching
    • Relaxation exercises.

Prevention

There are a number of steps that can be taken to prevent OOS. The following are ways to prevent OOS in the workplace:

    • Stop activity when discomfort is felt
    • Maintain correct posture
    • Take regular breaks
    • Exercise regularly
    • Maintain a good level of general fitness
    • Manage stress levels
    • Avoid prolonged, repetitive movement or activity
    • Educate yourself about OOS prevention.

If OOS is suspected, is it important to seek early treatment to prevent the condition progressing.

 

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