A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any of the parts of the urinary system; the kidneys, the ureters, the urethra or the bladder. The most common of the UTIs is bladder infection, also known as cystitis. UTIs are also common in babies and young children.

How infection occurs

The urinary system is normally sterile, but sometimes micro-organisms or bacteria enter the system through the urethra – the last part of the urinary system that removes water and waste from the body. These micro-organisms are found living harmlessly in the intestines and bowls, but lead to infections when they enter the urinary system.

UTIs are common in babies and young children and in about a third of these instances it is an indication of an underlying urinary tract abnormality. Because of this, X-rays and ultrasound tests are routinely done when a UTI is diagnosed in a baby or young child. Proper diagnosis of underlying problems is very important as these conditions must be treated to prevent chronic kidney problems later in life.

Signs of a UTI in a child

    • Fever
    • Irritability
    • Vomiting and/or feeding problems in babies
    • Wetting in a previously “dry” child
    • A burning or scalding sensation when passing urine
    • Bloody, cloudy or smelly urine
    • The urge to urinate frequently
    • Pain the lower abdomen.

Treatment of UTIs in children

A urine specimen is collected and tested and if bacteria are present in the urine, a course of antibiotics is prescribed. A UTI usually clears within seven days.

If underlying problems are diagnosed, protective courses of antibiotics may be prescribed, or surgery might be needed to correct any abnormalities.

 

Sources
Barker, Robin. 2002. The Mighty Toddler – The Essential Guide to the Toddler Years. Pan Macmillan
Australia Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. 2011. Urinary Tract Infection information leaflet. PSA